Nigel Tapper
Interim Director Monash Sustainability Institute Joint Coordinator, Monash Atmospheric Science Program
Education
Ph.D. (1982), M.A. Hons. (1977), B.A. (1975) University of Canterbury, New Zealand
Research Interests
My current research interests in environmental climatology can be classified into five basic areas with some degree of overlap
- surface energy balance and its role in mesoscale and larger atmospheric motions
- climatological modelling studies
- global and regional environmental change
- climate variability, especially in South East Asia
- urban climatology and air pollution studies
There has been a developing interest in the Australian tropics, Southeast Asia and the Arctic.
More of the flavour of this activity can be gained by looking at the publications listed below.
Some Examples of Current Research
- Fire-climate-vegetation interactions - Alterations in savanna energy exchange with the atmosphere following fire have important local-to regional scale impacts on atmospheric circulation and water balance, including potential impacts on the Australian monsoon. Future climate change will alter the north Australian fire regime, with consequent feedbacks to vegetation and climate. We will use contemporary theoretical understanding, observations, and modeling to investigate how current burning practices impact the surface energy and water balance and the regional atmosphere. Hence we will develop a scientific understanding of the impact of savanna fire on local to regional scale climate, and to explore the long-term consequences of alternative management strategies on climate and vegetation in this critical biome. Such understanding is essential for predicting the impact of land-use change on climate, and will be an essential part of the management of tropical savanna lands within Australia and around the world into the future. This project has been funded by the Australian Research Council ($230,000 over three years). Additional funding for the modeling aspects of the project has been requested from the National Science Foundation (WEAVE) program ($ 606,000). Collaborators include Tapper, Beringer, Siems (Monash University, Australia), Hutley (Northern Territory University, Australia), Lynch, Wu (University of Colorado, USA).
- Savannas and the Australian summer paleo-monsoon - The overarching aim of this proposed research is to improve our understanding of the changes in the Australian summer monsoon and the underlying forcing mechanisms responsible for such changes. We propose to use a data/model synthetic approach, using a suite of models, contemporary observations, paleontological data, and existing paleoenvironmental information. Funding has been requested from the National Science Foundation - ESH program ($ 976,000). Collaborators include Tapper, Beringer, Kershaw (Monash University, Australia), Miller, Lynch, Wu (University of Colorado, USA).
- Managing fire - We have been successful in obtaining funding to improve forecast communication and use between indigenous and governmental groups in Australia through managing fire in Arid and Semi-arid Lands under conditions of interannual climate variability. One of the major foci is to develop local and indigenous knowledge. Funding has been approved from the NOAA Climate and Global Change Program ($562,000 over three years from 2003). Collaborators include Tapper (Monash University, Australia) and Orlove (University of California at Davis, USA )
Current Teaching Subjects
- GES1020/ENV1022 Physical Systems and the Environment
- ATM1010 The Dynamic Atmosphere
- GES2190/ATM2211 Climates of the Earth Boundary Layer
- ENV2002/ENV3002 Environmental Sampling and Monitoring
- GES3860/ATM3251 Climate Change and Variability
- GES3850/ATM3211 The Australian Atmospheric Environment: A Synoptic-Scale Approach
Recent Research Output - Published, or Accepted and in Press
*standard copyright applies to PDF files.
Books
- Kershaw, A., B. David, N. Tapper, D. Penny and J. Brown (eds.), 2002,Bridging Wallace's Line: Environmental and Human History and Dynamics of the Southeast Asian-Australian Region, Advances in Geoecology 34, Catena-Verlag, Germany, I360pp.(ISBN 3-923381-47-6)
- Sturman, A. and Tapper, N., 1996, The Weather and Climate of Australia and New Zealand, 1st edition, February 1996, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 476 pp (+xii +420 diagrams). (ISBN 0-19-553393-3 paperback, ISBN 0-19-553923-0 hardback)
- McJannet, D., R. Vertessy, S. O'Sullivan, N. Tapper, J. Beringer and H. Cleugh, 1996, Soil and Litter Evaporation beneath Re-Growth and Old-Growth Mountain Ash Forest. Cooperative Research Centre for Catchment Hydrology, Melbourne, 59pp.
Contributions to Books, Encyclopedias, etc.
- Tapper, N., 2002, "Australia and New Zealand", p.407-412 in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 9th edition, Volume 2, McGraw-Hill, New York (in 20 Volumes).
- Applegate, G., R. Smith, J. Fox, A. Mitchell, D. Packham, N. Tapper and G. Baines, 2002 "Forest and Forest Land Fires in Indonesia: Impacts and Solutions." Chapter 13, p293-308. in Colfer, C and I. Resosudarmo (eds) Which Way Forward? People, Forests and Policy Making in Indonesia, RFF Press, Washington DC, 433pp. PDF
- Tapper, N, 2002 "Climate, climatic variability and atmospheric circulation patterns in the Maritime Continent region." Chapter 2, p5-28. in Kershaw, A., B. David, N. Tapper, D. Penny and J. Brown (eds.). Bridging Wallace's Line: Environmental and Human History and Dynamics of the Southeast Asian-Australian Region, Advances in Geoecology, 34, Catena-Verlag, Germany, 360pp. PDF
- David, B., A. Kershaw and N. Tapper, 2002 "Bringing home the Antipodes", Chapter 1, p.1-4 in Kershaw, A., B. David, N. Tapper, D. Penny and J. Brown (eds.). Bridging Wallace's Line: Environmental and Human History and Dynamics of the Southeast Asian-Australian Region, Advances in Geoecology, 34, Catena, Germany, 360 pp. (ISBN 3-923381-47-6)
- Tapper, N., 2000, "Atmospheric issues for fire management in eastern Indonesia and northern Australia", p.21-30 in J. Russell-Smith, G. Hill, S. Djoeroemana and B. Myers (Eds.) Fire and Sustainable Agricultural and Forestry Development in Eastern Indonesia and Northern Australia Conference, Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra, 151pp, 2000 (ISBN 1-86320-275-7) PDF
- Tapper, N., and D. Hess, 1999, "Forest Fire Emissions Dispersion Modelling for Emergency Response Planning", p.123-148 in Goh, K.T., D.H. Schwela, J.G. Goldammer and O. Simpson (eds.) Health Guidelines for Vegetation Fire Events. Background Papers. Published on behalf of UNEP, WHO, and WMO. Institute of Environmental Epidemiology, Ministry of the Environment, Singapore, 498pp, 1999 (ISBN 981-04-1460-9
- Tapper, N., M. Garstang and P. Winarso, 1999, "Climate Monitoring and Modelling the Distribution of Fire Emissions", Section 2.5, p.32-36, in Schwela, D.H., J.G. Goldammer, L.H. Morawska and O. Simpson (eds.) Health Guidelines for Vegetation Fire Events. Guideline Document . Published on behalf of UNEP, WHO, and WMO. Institute of Environmental Epidemiology, Ministry of the Environment, Singapore, 291pp, 1999 (ISBN 981-04-1460-9)
- Tapper, N., 1997, "Australia", p.325-329 in McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, Volume 2, 8th edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
- Tapper, N., 1995, "ASEAN haze", p.44-45 in Paehlke, R. (Ed.),Conservation and Environmentalism, An Encyclopedia, Garland Publishing Inc., New York, 771pp.
- Tapper, N., 1995, "Odor Pollution", p.489-490 in Paehlke, R. (Ed.),Conservation and Environmentalism, An Encyclopedia, Garland Publishing Inc., New York, 771pp.
- Tapper, N., 1995, "Smog", p.591-592 in Paehlke, R. (Ed.), Conservation and Environmentalism, An Encyclopedia, Garland Publishing Inc., New York, 771pp.
Articles
- Prabowo, M., Tapper, N. and McBride, J. "A global model of the seasonal shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)", International Journal of Climatology , to appear.
- Tapper, N., Kirono, D., McBride, J. and Wain, A. "Atmosphere - fire interaction in the Indonesian region and implications for fire management,"Mitigation and Adaption Strategies for Global Change,, to appear.
- Beringer, J., Hutley, L., Tapper, N., Coutts, A., Kerley, A. and O'Grady, A. 2003, "Fire impacts on surface heat, moisture and carbon fluxes from a tropical savanna in northern Australia." International Journal of Wildland Fire, (Special Issue, Fire and Savanna Landscapes in Northern Australia: Regional Lessons and Global Challenges) 12: 333-340.
- DeDeckker, P., N. Tapper and S. Van der Kaars, 2002, "The Status of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and adjacent land at the Last Glacial Maximum." Global and Planetary Change , 35, 25-35. PDF
- Beringer, J. and N. Tapper, 2002, "Surface energy exchanges and interactions with thunderstorms during the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment (MCTEX)." Journal of Geophysical Research , 107 (D27), AAC 3-1 - AAC3-13.
- Beringer, J., N. Tapper, I. McHugh, T. Chapin and A. Lynch, 2002, "The role of treeline in the location of the Arctic Front", p.133-136 in Holland, P. Stephenson, F and A. Wearing (eds.) 2001, Geography a Spatial Odyssey. New Zealand Geographical Society Conference Series No.21, 438pp. (ISSN 1174-7250)
- Tapper, N., A. Wain and G. Mills, 2001, "Atmospheric trajectory climatologies for some major ASEAN cities." The Proceedings of the 8th European Symposium on the Physico-Chemical behaviour of Atmospheric Pollution, Torino, Italy, September 2001.
- Beringer, J., F. Chapin, I. McHugh, N. Tapper, A. Lynch and M. Serreze, 2001, "Impact of Arctic treeline on synoptic climate." Geophysical Research letters. 22 (28), 4247-4250.
- Beringer, J., N. Tapper and T. Keenan, 2001 "Evolution of maritime continent thunderstorms under varying meteorological conditions over the Tiwi Islands." International Journal of Climatology , 21, 1021-1036. PDF
- Williams, A., D. Karoly and N. Tapper, 2001, "The sensitivity of Australian fire danger to climate change." Climatic Change, 49, 171-191.
- Oliphant, A., A. Sturman and N. Tapper, 2001, "The evolution and structure of a tropical island sea/land breeze system, Northern Australia."Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, 78, 45-59.
- Reeder, M., R. Smith, R. Deslandes, N. Tapper and G. Mills, 2000,"Subtropical fronts observed during the 1996 Central Australian Fronts Experiment." Australian Meteorological Magazine , 49, 181-200.
- Keenan, T., S. Rutledge, R. Carbone, J. Wilson, T. Takahashi, P. May, N. Tapper, M. Platt, J. Hacker, S. Sekelsky, M. Moncrieff, K. Saito, G. Holland, A. Crook and K. Gage. 2000. "The Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment (MCTEX): Overview and some results." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 81: 2433-2455. PDF
- Maenhaut, W., M.-T. Fenandez-Jimenez, J. Vanderzalm, B. Hooper, M. Hooper and N. Tapper. 2000. Aerosol composition at Jabiru, Australia, and impact of biomass burning. Journal of Aerosol Science , 31, Suppl.1, s745-s746. PDF
- Vanderzalm, J., M. Hooper, W. Maenhaut, N. Tapper, B. Ryan and P. Martin, 2000, "An aerosol study of regional haze in northwest Australia and South East Asia: preliminary report on methods and first results." Proceedings 13th International Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology, International Association of Wildland Fire , in press. PDF
- Packham, D. and N. Tapper, 2000, "Climate change and biomass burning. " Proceedings 13th International Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology, International Association of Wildland Fire,Volume 1, 21-25, in press. PDF
- Tapper, N., A. Wain, M. Hooper and J. Vanderzalm, 2000, "Movement of products of biomass burning around the Maritime Continent Region: the use of atmospheric trajectory models to establish sources, impact areas and a regional transport climatology. " Proceedings 13th International Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology , International Association of Wildland Fire,Volume 1, 113-116, in press. PDF
- Beringer, J. and N. Tapper, 2000, "The influence of subtropical cold fronts on the surface energy balance of a semi-arid site." Journal of Arid Environments, 44, 437-450.
- Kirono, D., N. Tapper and J. McBride, 1999, "Documenting Indonesian rainfall in the 1997-1998 El Nino event." Physical Geography , 20 (5), 422-435. PDF
- Kirono, D. and N. Tapper, 1999, "ENSO rainfall variability and impacts on crop production in Indonesia." Physical Geography , 20 (6), 498-509. PDF
- Turton, S., N. Tapper and J. Soddell, 1999. "A proposal to measure diurnal and seasonal energetics above and within a lowland tropical rainforest canopy in northeastern Australia." Selbayana 20 (20), 345-349.
- Panther, B., M. Hooper and N. Tapper, 1999, "A comparison of air particulate matter and associated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in some tropical and temperate urban environments". Atmospheric Environment, 33, 4087-4099.
- Vanderzalm, J., M. Hooper and N. Tapper, 1999, "Combustion-related carbon black: a comparison of measurement methods." International Power and Energy Conference (IPEC) Proceedings, Volume 2, 715-720.
- Nurhayati, N. Tapper and M. Hooper, 1998, "Visibility study in metropolitan Jakarta." Bulletin of Meteorology and Geophysics, 3, 56-63.
- Hooper, M., W. Maenhaut J. Vanderzalm and N. Tapper, 1998, "Particulate air quality and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in regional northwest Australia and South East Asia." Proceedings of the 14th International Clean Air and Environment Conference , 433-438, Clean Air Society of Australia and New Zealand, Melbourne, Victoria.
- Tapper, N. and D. Hess, 1998, "Forest fire emissions dispersion modelling for emergency response planning: determination of critical model inputs and processes", Section 17 (21pp.) in Health Guidelines for Forest Fire Episodic Events, 6-9 October 1998, Lima, Peru. Pan American Health Organisation, World Health Organisation and World Meteorological Organisation.
- Beringer, J. and N. Tapper, 1998, "The energy balance of a tropical forested site on the Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory, Australia." Preprint Volume, 23rd Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology , 34-37, American Meteorological Society.
- Tapper, N. and J. Beringer, 1997, "Measurements of surface energy fluxes over the Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory, Australia, during the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment (MCTEX)." Preprint Volume, 5th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography, 392-393, American Meteorological Society.
- Beringer, J. and N. Tapper, 1997, "Surface energy balance measurements over the Tiwi Islands, Northern Territory, Australia, during the Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment (MCTEX)." Preprint Volume, 22nd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology , 374-375, American Meteorological Society.
- Tapper, N., 1997, "Overview of Australian research and collaborative research opportunities in the Indonesian region." Proceedings of the International Conference on Science and Technology for the Assessment of Global Environmental Change and its Impact on the Maritime Continent of Indonesia, 1-3, Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT).
- Tapper, N., A. Wain, M. Hooper, J. Vanderzalm and J. Goldammer, 1997, "An overview of the forthcoming South East Asia Fire Experiment (SEAFIRE)."Proceedings of the International Symposium on Climate and Life in Asia-Pacific (ISCLAP), 48-55, Universiti Brunei Darussalam.
- Nurhayati, M. Hooper and N. Tapper, 1997, "Visibility study in metropolitan Jakarta." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Climate and Life in Asia-Pacific (ISCLAP), 40-47, Universiti Brunei Darussalam.
- Hooper, M., B. Panther, L. Zhou and N. Tapper, 1997, "A comparative study of air particulate matter in five cities of the Asia-Pacific Region."Proceedings of the International Symposium on Climate and Life in Asia-Pacific (ISCLAP), 1-9, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, 10-13 April, 1995.
- Beringer, J. and N. Tapper, 1996, "Evapotranspiration measurement using the Campbell Scientific Bowen ratio system." Proceedings 2nd Australian Conference on Agricultural Meteorology, 264-269, University of Queensland, Brisbane. (with J. Beringer)
- Beringer, J., D. Packham and N. Tapper, 1996, "An estimation of gaseous emissions from biomass burning in the Northern Territory, Australia, derived from NOAA-AVHRR imagery." International Journal of Wildland Fire, 5(4), 229-235.
Address
- Room S319, Menzies Building
- Telephone No: 99052931
- Nigel.tapper@arts.monash.edu.au